Solvothermal Synthesis Routes to Substituted Cerium Dioxide Materials

We review the solution-based synthesis routes to cerium oxide materials where one or more elements are included in place of a proportion cerium, i.e., substitution is performed. The focus on solvothermal method, reagents heated above boiling point solvent induce crystallisation directly from solution. This yields unusual compositions with crystal morphology often nanoscale. Chemical all parts periodic table considered, transition metals main group and rare earths, including isovalent aliovalent cations, surveyed using literature published past ten years. illustrate versatility this method allow formation functional applications contemporary such as heterogeneous catalysis, electrodes for solid fuel cells, photocatalysis, luminescence biomedicine. pick out emerging trends towards control habit by use non-aqueous solvents solution additives identify challenges still remaining, detailed structural characterisation, understanding mechanisms scale-up synthesis.